Year : 2024

Volume : Volume 16

Issue : Issue 5

Address for correspondence :
Dr. Shashi Kant Gupta
drshashikant1981@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a range of clinical issues affecting the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and associated structures. Increasing attention has been directed toward TMDs in children and adolescents due to their potential impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, limited studies have explored this relationship among Indian adolescents. This study aims to assess the impact of TMDs on OHRQoL in school children aged 12–15 years in Kota, Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 1-month period (December 2024) among 389 students using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a self-designed questionnaire addressing sociodemographics and oral health behaviors. TMD signs and symptoms were assessed using the American Academy of Orofacial Pain screening tool, whereas OHRQoL was measured using the 16-item children’s perception questionnaire (CPQ). Clinical examination assessed TMJ and malocclusion. Results: The prevalence of TMD was 23.13% (90/389), with a higher occurrence in males (58.9%). Common habits included lip biting (78.9%), chewing gum (61.1%), and nail biting (51.1%). The most reported symptoms were jaw joint sounds (75.6%) and headaches or neck pain (50%). The mean CPQ score among TMD cases was 23.03 ± 12.1. Malocclusion types varied, with Class I (30%) and Class II Division II (28.9%) being most common. The association of jaws getting stiff, tight, or tired regularly with social well-being and total CPQ was statistically significant with P = 0.009 and P = 0.048. Conclusion: TMDs adversely affect adolescents’ OHRQoL, with malocclusion identified as a major contributing factor. Early diagnosis and conservative management are essential for improving outcomes.