Year : 2024

Volume : Volume 15

Issue : Issue 5

Address for correspondence :
Dr. S. Padmaja
padmajadande1719@gmail.com

Abstract

Nanotechnology has found extensive applications in various fields of dentistry, including restorative dentistry, due to its significant improvements and promising potential in enhancing the clinical efficacy of restorative materials and procedures. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them effective in disrupting bacterial cell walls, increasing cell membrane permeability, generating reactive oxygen species, and interfering with DNA replication through the controlled release of ions. Nanomaterials in dentistry have been categorized and classified according to their use in different disciplines of dentistry, mainly based on their shape, composition, and function. These categories include Conventional NPs, Unconventional NPs, Nanomaterials based on carbon nanotubes, and metallic and non-metallic nanomaterials. Chitosan, a versatile natural biomaterial, is emerging as a key ingredient in the development of dental materials. It is renowned for its biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and broad antibacterial spectrum, which includes Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi. In addition, chitosan aids in restoring the mechanical integrity of the diseased dentinal matrix and promotes tissue regeneration. Its applications in restorative and endodontic therapy are diverse, encompassing enamel remineralization, glass ionomer cement enhancement, dentin bonding and adhesion, pulpotomy, direct pulp capping, intracanal irrigants and medicaments, and pulp regeneration. This review aims to explore the various applications of chitosan in conservative dentistry and endodontics, highlighting its potential benefits and the scope of its use.