Journal of Research and Advancement in Dentistry
Official publication of Magadh University and Kolhan University, Government of Bihar and Jharkhand, India
Official publication of Magadh University and Kolhan University, Government of Bihar and Jharkhand, India
Year : 2024
Volume : Volume 16
Issue : Issue 5
Address for correspondence :
Dr. Shefali Gupta
drshefaligupta20@gmail.com
Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, often requiring intensive anticancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These treatments are associated with significant oral health complications that can affect patients’ quality of life and treatment compliance. Objectives: To evaluate the oral health status of pediatric patients diagnosed with ALL undergoing anticancer therapy in Rajasthan. Methods: This prospective, observational study included 120 pediatric patients aged 1–15 years receiving treatment at Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Jaipur, and Maharao Bhim Singh Hospital, Kota. Participants were divided into three groups: Patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Oral health assessments included parameters, such as oral mucositis (graded using the World Health Organization oral toxicity scale), gingival index, decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT)/decayed, extracted, filled teeth (DEFT) scores, and simplified oral hygiene index. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Chi-square tests and ANOVA for group comparisons. Results: The findings revealed that oral mucositis was prevalent in 30.8% of participants, with the highest incidence in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Gingivitis was observed in 49.1%, and the mean DMFT (3.16 ± 2.1) and mean DEFT (4.65 ± 4.40) scores were higher in patients receiving radiotherapy. Poor oral hygiene (2.90 ± 1.56) and a significant burden of dental caries were noted among the participants, particularly in those receiving combined treatment modalities. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences across groups for gingival inflammation, mucositis grades, and oral hygiene index (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ALL treatments are associated with substantial oral health challenges, including mucositis, gingivitis, and poor oral hygiene. Early involvement of pediatric dental professionals for preventive care, regular monitoring, and tailored interventions can help mitigate these complications and improve treatment outcomes.
