Year : 2024

Volume : Volume 16

Issue : Issue 5

Address for correspondence :
Kamal Kant Jakhar
drkamalkant1983@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health concern, listed as the 6th most prevalent malignancy worldwide, contributing to substantial illness and death globally. The present study was conducted to assess histomorphological variants of OSCC and their relation with the prognosis of the disease. Materials and Methods: The study included radical surgery cases of mandible from 100 patients who were clinically suspected of OSCC over 6 months. Relevant clinical history was taken and entered in the pro forma. Surgical specimens were received for histopathology study, and the data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 12. To compare the variables, the Chi-square test was used, with P < 0.05. Results: Out of 100 OSCC patients, the maximum number of patients, i.e., 60% was reported with T4 tumor, and the highest cases were reported to be of well-differentiated type (72%). The majority of cases (62%) presented with advanced-stage disease (Stage IV). Out of 74 cases of Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) around 40 showed positive lymph nodes, whereas 34 were node negative. Eight cases out of 22 cases Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC) had positive nodes, and surprisingly, none of the grade III tumors showed nodal involvement. Conclusion: OSCC presents with advanced-stage disease in a significant proportion of cases, emphasizing the need for early detection and diagnosis. The relationship between histological grade and lymph node involvement may have implications for prognosis and treatment planning.