Year : 2024

Volume : Volume 16

Issue : Issue 3

Address for correspondence :
Dr. Anshul Sahu
doctoranshulsahu@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Complete denture prostheses are known to affect the oral environment, particularly salivary composition and microbial ecology. Salivary parameters such as pH and uric acid play a key role in maintaining oral homeostasis. Furthermore, complete dentures may serve as reservoirs for opportunistic fungal organisms such as Candida albicans, which may predispose individuals to oral candidiasis. Despite this, little comprehensive research has simultaneously explored the biochemical and microbial impact of denture wearing in completely edentulous patients. Complete denture prostheses are known to affect the oral environment, particularly salivary composition and microbial ecology. Salivary parameters such as pH and uric acid play a key role in maintaining oral homeostasis. Furthermore, complete dentures may serve as reservoirs for opportunistic fungal organisms such as C. albicans, which may predispose individuals to oral candidiasis. Despite this, little comprehensive research has simultaneously explored the biochemical and microbial impact of denture wearing in completely edentulous patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in salivary uric acid levels, pH, and C. albicans load in completely edentulous patients before and after wearing complete dentures, and to analyze the influence of age and smoking on these parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 completely edentulous patients aged 40–80 years were included in the study. Participants were grouped by age and smoking habits. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before denture insertion and again after 1 month. Salivary pH and uric acid were measured using a digital pH meter and a semi-automated biochemical analyzer, respectively. C. albicans colonization was assessed using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar culture methods and colony-forming unit counting. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in salivary uric acid and pH after denture insertion. In addition, a significant increase in C. albicans load was noted, particularly among smokers and older participants. The changes in microbial colonization correlated inversely with salivary pH levels, suggesting a favorable environment for fungal growth post denture insertion. Conclusion: Complete denture wearing alters the salivary biochemical and microbiological profile, potentially increasing the risk of oral candidiasis. Monitoring salivary uric acid, pH, and C. albicans load can serve as a valuable diagnostic adjunct in edentulous patients undergoing prosthetic rehabilitation. Preventive measures, improved oral hygiene, and antifungal protocols should be considered in high-risk populations.