Year : 2026

Volume : Volume 17

Issue : Issue 1

Address for correspondence :
Dr P.P.Dubey
ppdubey58@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: The coronary ostia are the primary gateways for blood supply to the myocardium. Variations in their number, location, and morphometry are clinically significant, influencing the approach and success of invasive cardiac procedures like coronary angiography and aortic valve surgery. Precise cadaveric data from specific populations are essential to supplement angiographic findings. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 38 formalin-fixed adult human hearts (24 male, 14 female) obtained during routine dissection. The hearts were meticulously dissected to expose the ascending aorta and locate the coronary ostia. The number of ostia, their anatomic position relative to the sinotubular junction (STJ) and aortic valve cusps, their shape, and their transverse diameter were recorded using a digital vernier calliper. Results: The classic two-ostia pattern (left and right) was observed in 86.8% (33/38) of specimens. Multiple ostia were present in 13.2% (5/38), with three specimens having an additional right coronary ostium and two having a separate posterior aortic sinus ostium. The left coronary ostium (LCO) was predominantly located within the sinus of Valsalva (92.1%), while the right coronary ostium (RCO) was more frequently found at the sinotubular junction (57.9%). The mean transverse diameter of the LCO (3.82 ± 0.51 mm) was significantly larger (p < 0.05) than that of the RCO (3.21 ± 0.48 mm). Oval was the most common shape for both ostia (LCO: 63.2%, RCO: 55.3%). Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of the classic bilateral coronary ostia pattern but also highlights a significant incidence of anatomic variations. The LCO is typically larger and situated lower within the sinus than the RCO. These morphometric data are crucial for clinicians to minimize iatrogenic injuries and improve the safety and efficacy of coronary interventions.